What You Must Know About Article Review Essay

What You Must Know About Article Review Essay The Honest to Goodness Truth on Article Review Essay A vital analysis is a whole kind of text dealing with a specific article or book in detail as a literature review a part of a broader kind of document. In case it's a scientific article being reviewed, the author is going to be asked to use database searches to retrieve the outcomes of the search. Now you need to handle the core of your paper. The very first reading of the short article is essential, as it aids the reader to contact the author of the report to be reviewed. Students must understand how to compose an article summary. The author's arguments ought to be taken note of. Our writer is likely to make sure the post is going to be completed in the right way and according to your instructions. A superb article review implies that the writer reads the article several times to come up with a comprehensive comprehension of the content and its major points. When identifying the write-up, it is critical that the writer selects an article that talks about a topic they are conversant with. Beneath the title, cite the article that you're going to review. People, first, follow the link out of curiosity in the event the title is that interesting. Stress the sentences or quotes you would like to use. The title is supposed to be short and precise, giving all the information which the reader may want to comprehend what the essay is all about. An article review is owned by the most often assigned papers. It is a piece of academic writing which combines a summary of an article and its evaluation. Usually, it contains a summary of the content, an evaluation of the text, and a presentation of the reviewer's personal understanding of the article. Writing an article review isn't nearly expressing your opinion on the job. Questions shouldn't be accusatory or judgmental. Lesson Summary Writing an article review is similar to a conversation with a person. The post starts with a discussion on the value of environmental preparation. The very first portion of the article review writing process is reading the guide to be reviewed for the very first time. If you compare your article review with different ones you find it possible to acquire the point of what you will need to write way faster. An article review is similar to an argument as you'll need to take a position on the article whilst not getting caught up in the matter accessible. What Article Review Essay Is - and What it Is Not While studying in high-school or college, there's a good chance you will need to compose an article review. All you have to do is consult with an expert customized essay writing service like ours that is guaranteed to submit all of your assigned work in time. The only means to compose an exceptional article review w ithout reading the whole content is to get in touch with professional on-line writing services. There are occasions when students do not will need to use articles as the principal sources. Write down your reactions to certain regions of the write-up and any important issues the report covers. It enforces the need for the nurse to follow a certain order during the process. It discusses the importance of the nurse asking all of the cardinal symptoms of each specific body system mentioned by the patient. Reviewing journal articles is the perfect method to find out more about a particular region of interest and how research is conducted.

Factors Impacting On The Effectiveness Of Palliative Care - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2753 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Palliative care can vary significantly in its effectiveness according to condition, location, and type of patient (WHO, 2011; Gomes et al., 2013). This has long been recognised as an issue: Higginson et al. (2003) suggested that it has been difficult to prove the effectiveness of palliative care given the broad range of providers and the diverse nature of the clients. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Factors Impacting On The Effectiveness Of Palliative Care" essay for you Create order The World Health Organisation (WHO, 2011) has argued that palliative care has generally been unduly focused on the needs of cancer patients and is unsuited for the increase in older patients with diverse needs that are more common in many parts of the world. Part of this variation is the differences between the type of care required for various conditions and the fact that sometimes specialised care for a variety of conditions is required (Preston et al. 2014). There are also challenges posed to meeting patients wishes for palliative care through patient-centred care, and Gomes et al. (2013) suggest that the desire of most patients to die at home can stretch resources or result in palliative care provision not reaching the wishes of their clients. Likewise, the extent to which palliative care can be effectively provided through interaction with other care providers, and the role of family or informal carers is often unclear (Hanson et al., 2012). This has led to a range of views on t he effective provision of palliative care. In this essay, first the challenges posed by an aging population and the challenge of providing specialist care to specific population groups will be considered. Second, the challenge of providing home-based palliative care will be discussed. Third, the challenges of developing effective communication between caregivers and the family will be evaluated. Fourth, ways in which informal caregivers may be involved in palliative care will be discussed. Finally, the arguments for earlier intervention in some cases will be evaluated. The World Health Organisation argues that an important factor impacting upon the effectiveness of palliative care is the aging population in most countries that is coupled with a lack of attention to their complex needs (WHO, 2011). Older people more commonly experience multiple health problems, resulting in the need for such complex health needs to be more effectively supported (WHO, 2011). The model for palliativ e care traditionally focuses upon support for single diseases such as cancer, whereas people aged over 85 years are more likely to die from cardiovascular disease. There are also multiple debilitating diseases, such as dementia, osteoporosis and arthritis, and may require palliative care at any point in their illness trajectory (Gardiner et al., 2011). WHO (2011) indicate that palliative care does not usually form a part of traditional disease management, and with a combination of diseases the point at which palliative care is needed may become increasingly difficult to determine. The need for integration between different agencies is also cited as an important factor affecting older people (WHO, 2011). As such, palliative care for older adults must take into account the increasing variety of conditions that may develop, which is something that is not yet common amongst many care providers. Solutions to these issues proposed by WHO (2011) include the need for palliative and prima ry care providers to receive more effective training in the needs of older people, and to gain a clearer understanding of the syndromes that affect this population group. This also includes a more effective understanding of the pharmacokinetics of opiates for pain management, and issues that are caused by comorbidity (Gardiner et al., 2011). Palliative physicians also need to improve their understanding of long-term care, including the administrative and clinical issues that are associated with older people dying in care homes. Likewise, inter-agency collaboration in palliative care is required to ensure that diverse needs are met through carers with different specialisms (Neilson et al., 2013). This means that palliative care needs to adopt a more personalised approach that takes into account the specific needs of clients, making collaborative approaches more common (Vitillo Puchalski, 2014). As such, partnership working is likely to play an increasingly prominent role in palliati ve care provision in the future. Similar concerns involving the specialised care for specific groups is identified by Vollenbroich et al. (2012), who investigate the potential for providing home care for children. These results suggested that where a specialised paediatric care team was used, there were high improvements in the childrens symptoms and quality of life. Additional benefits were seen as the reduction of the administrative barriers and improvement in aspects of communication between the care teams and the family. This supports arguments made by WHO (2011) which suggests greater specialisation is required to take into account the different diversities of patients who need palliative care. However, one aspect that is not identified by Vollenbroich et al. (2012) is the challenge posed by whether the condition should be considered as of greatest importance or whether the demographic considerations are needed (Gardiner et al., 2011). This suggests that perceptions of the a ge at death can significantly affect the patients needs in palliative care, and further research may be required to investigate the extent to which such suppositions are borne out in practice. The place in which palliative care is provided is also a significant factor when considering how far the care meets the wishes of the patients. The extent to which people can opt for their place of death is an important factor affecting the effectiveness of palliative care. In the European Union, most people do not die at home (WHO, 2011). However, this is the preferred place of death for most people. In England, 58% of deaths occur in NHS hospitals, 18% at home, 4% in hospices, and 3% in other places. There is clearly an interest amongst many patients for dying at home. JordhÃÆ' ¸y et al. (2010) report on an intervention programme staged by the University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway, which was intended to enable patients to spend more time at home and for them to die there should they prefer. This demonstrates that in order to achieve this end, close cooperation was necessary with the community health-care providers, and a multidisciplinary consultant team was needed to coordinate the care provision. This research demonstrated that intervention patients spent a smaller proportion of the last month of life in nursing homes than was possible for the control sample (JordhÃÆ' ¸y et al. 2010). This illustrated that to increase the proportion of patients who were able to die at home, a significant investment of resources would be needed. This manifested itself in the need for greater levels of training in palliative care for community care staff, thus increasing the costs associated with the provision of care (JordhÃÆ' ¸y et al. 2010). Similar considerations were made by Gomes et al. (2013), who argue that providing palliative care at home increases the chances of dying at home, while reducing symptom burden that people experience as a part of an advanced ill ness. This also reduces the intensity of grief for family members if the patient dies (Gomes et al., 2013). However, Gomes et al. (2013) suggest that it is possible to provide home palliative care without significantly raising costs, but this is challenged by reports such as WHO (2011) who argue that for many patients, the complexity of the conditions experienced undermine the potential for home care to be effectively provided. Smith et al. (2014) suggest, however, that the context of increasing costs of healthcare means that the potential for palliative care to be provided in the home environment should be more closely investigated. In particular, this outlines that the quality of care can be significantly improved for home-based care, and in some cases the costs may be reduced by the fact that they may be spread between existing caregivers. Communication between the patients and family members is often cited as an important factor leading to improved palliative care. Hannon et al. (2012) suggest that in contexts where family members are taken into account and given a role, family meetings can account for a significant improvement to the weekly workload for staff members. The study suggested that such meetings improved the particular areas of concern and worry for family members (Hannon et al., 2012). This demonstrates that such meetings can play an important role improving the experience of palliative care and indicate that one of the important roles of caregivers lies in the support that is given to the families of the patients as well as to the patients themselves (Hannon et al., 2014). However, although such meetings are considered appropriate and effective they may be undermined by the time constraints, the availability of appropriate staff, and the limitations of resources (Hannon et al., 2014). This may lead to less emphasis being placed on such aspects of palliative care, particularly where the benefit is not directed wholly towards the patient. Ne vertheless, against this criticism is the extent to which such issues may result in the needs of the patient being better identified by consultation with family members (Gomes et al., 2013). It can be argued that this would represent an area of particular benefit to the provision of palliative care. Harding et al. (2011) point out that informal caregivers are of significance in providing effective palliative care. Given the diversity of the care provided by this group, there is a need for a range of intervention strategies to provide appropriate support, depending on the needs of the patient. However, Harding et al. (2011) suggest that the range of models that are available to meet caregivers needs. Likewise, Harding et al. (2012) emphasise the significant costs to informal caregivers in terms of the emotional, physical and financial demands that informal caregiving places upon them. The conclusions of these studies indicate that support should be provided specifically to the car egiver and tailored closely to their needs, and the drawback of many existing approaches was the fact that interventions were not tailored to the caregivers needs. This is an important aspect for improving palliative care, as many patients prefer the services of informal caregiving, and this can also reduce the burden on professional healthcare if appropriate (Aslakson et al., 2014). The potential for providing support that is tailored to the needs of the informal caregivers would seem an important and effective means by which the quality of palliative care can be improved (BrandstÃÆ' ¤tter et al., 2014). Zimmerman et al. (2014) identify that there are limitations to the provision of palliative care in home settings that depend upon the condition of the patient. In their study, patients with advanced cancer tend to have a much lower quality of life that worsens as their condition progresses. This suggests that for some patients, palliative care should be provided at an earlier stage than is usually the case. However, such developments would depend upon the prognosis, and in such cases it is important to avoid premature judgment. Yoong et al. (2013) also suggest that early palliative care can prove beneficial in situations where patients have advanced lung cancer. This suggests that the benefits allow the palliative care teams to focus on fostering relationships with patients and their families, and improving illness understanding amongst patients and caregivers. The potential for adopting a comprehensive approach in this case provided psychosocial benefits, such as improving the coping mechanisms for patients alongside the management of medical treatment (Bajwah et al., 2012). The research thus indicates that the involvement of palliative care teams at an earlier stage in the treatment may be appropriate for some conditions and may provide significant benefits to the quality and effectiveness of care. In conclusion, many of the arguments discussed sug gest that there is an important case to be made for a greater diversity in approaches to palliative care. The need to take into account the diversity in the psychosocial needs of different population groups illustrate the importance of a more personalised approach to palliative care. Likewise, the challenge in meeting patients wishes to die at home requires significant attention as this can clearly provide significant benefits to patients. The research also indicates that greater engagement with family members can help support patients and prove of wider benefit to the carers. This also indicates that the involvement of informal caregivers is also a significant area of development, given the wide-ranging role they can play in the provision of palliative care. The introduction of palliative care at an earlier stage may allow benefits to the care process, particularly where the patient is cared for at home, as it helps foster an effective working relationship between different parties . Thus far, the key deficiencies of palliative care are largely that it appears to be focused on particular conditions and specific locations; the challenge is to broaden the type of patient that can be cared for, provide greater support to informal carers and family members, and be more responsive to the wishes of the patient. References Aslakson, R., Cheng, J., Vollenweider, D., Galusca, D., Smith, T. J., Pronovost, P. J. (2014). Evidence-based palliative care in the intensive care unit: a systematic review of interventions. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 17(2), 219-235. BrandstÃÆ' ¤tter, M., KÃÆ' ¶gler, M., Baumann, U., Fensterer, V., KÃÆ' ¼chenhoff, H., Borasio, G. D., Fegg, M. J. (2014). Experience of meaning in life in bereaved informal caregivers of palliative care patients. Supportive Care in Cancer, 22(5), 1391-1399. Bajwah, S., Higginson, I. J., Ross, J. R., Wells, A. U., Birring, S. S., Patel, A., Riley, J. (2012). Specialist palliative care is more than drugs: a retrospective study of ILD patients. Lung, 190(2), 215-220. Bruera, E., Yennurajalingam, S. (2012). Palliative care in advanced cancer patients: How and when?. The Oncologist, 17(2), 267-273. Gardiner, C., Cobb, M., Gott, M., Ingleton, C. (2011). Barriers to providing palliative care for older people in acute hospitals. Age and Ageing, 40(2), 233-238. Gomes, B., Calanzani, N., Curiale, V., McCrone, P., Higginson, I. J. (2013). Effectiveness and costà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ effectiveness of home palliative care services for adults with advanced illness and their caregivers. The Cochrane Library. https://www.update-software.com/BCP/WileyPDF/EN/CD007760.pdf Hannon, B., OReilly, V., Bennett, K., Breen, K., Lawlor, P. G. (2012). Meeting the family: measuring effectiveness of family meetings in a specialist inpatient palliative care unit. Palliative and Supportive Care, 10(1), 43-49. Hannon, B., Swami, N., Pope, A., Rodin, G., Dougherty, E., Mak, E., Zimmermann, C. (2014). The oncology palliative care clinic at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre: an early intervention model for patients with advanced cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer, 23(4), 1073-1080. Harding, R., Epiphaniou, E., Hamilton, D., Bridger, S., Robinson, V., George, R., Higginson, I. J. (2012). What are the perceived needs and chal lenges of informal caregivers in home cancer palliative care? Qualitative data to construct a feasible psycho-educational intervention. Supportive Care in Cancer, 20(9), 1975-1982. Hanson, L. C., Rowe, C., Wessell, K., Caprio, A., Winzelberg, G., Beyea, A., Bernard, S. A. (2012). Measuring palliative care quality for seriously ill hospitalized patients. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 15(7), 798-804. Harding, R., List, S., Epiphaniou, E., Jones, H. (2011). How can informal caregivers in cancer and palliative care be supported? An updated systematic literature review of interventions and their effectiveness. Palliative Medicine, 26(1), 7-22. Higginson, I. J., Finlay, I. G., Goodwin, D. M., Hood, K., Edwards, A. G., Cook, A., Normand, C. E. (2003). Is there evidence that palliative care teams alter end-of-life experiences of patients and their caregivers?. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 25(2), 150-168. JordhÃÆ' ¸y, M. S., Fayers, P., Saltnes, T., Ahlner-Elm qvist, M., Jannert, M., Kaasa, S. (2010). A palliative-care intervention and death at home: a cluster randomised trial. The Lancet, 356(9233), 888-893. Neilson, S. J., Kai, J., McArthur, C., Greenfield, S. (2013). Using social worlds theory to explore influences on community nurses experiences of providing out of hours paediatric palliative care. Journal of Research in Nursing, 18(5), 443-456. Preston, N., Dunleavy, L., Rigby, J., Griggs, A., Salt, S., Parr, A., Payne, S. (2014). Overcoming barriers to research in palliative care: results from a consensus exercise. Palliative Medicine, 28(6), 745-745. Smith, S., Brick, A., OHara, S., Normand, C. (2014). Evidence on the cost and cost-effectiveness of palliative care: A literature review. Palliative Medicine, 28(2), 130-150. Vitillo, R., Puchalski, C. (2014). World Health Organization authorities promote greater attention and action on palliative care. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 17(9), 988-989. Vollenbroich, R ., Duroux, A., Grasser, M., BrandstÃÆ' ¤tter, M., Borasio, G. D., FÃÆ' ¼hrer, M. (2012). Effectiveness of a pediatric palliative home care team as experienced by parents and health care professionals. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 15(3), 294-300. Yoong, J., Park, E. R., Greer, J. A., Jackson, V. A., Gallagher, E. R., Pirl, W. F., Temel, J. S. (2013). Early palliative care in advanced lung cancer: a qualitative study. JAMA Internal Medicine, 173(4), 283-290. Zimmermann, C., Swami, N., Krzyzanowska, M., Hannon, B., Leighl, N., Oza, A., Lo, C. (2014). Early palliative care for patients with advanced cancer: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 383(9930), 1721-1730.

Childhood Cancer Essay example - 1626 Words

Childhood Cancer By: Amanda Bone July 11, 2010 HCA/240 Bruce Gould The body is made up of hundreds of millions of living cells. Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries. Cancer begins when cells in a part of the body start to grow out of control. There are many kinds of cancer, but they all start because of out-of-control growth of abnormal cell (American Cancer Society, 2010). About 10,730 children in the United States under the age of 15 were diagnosed with cancer in 2009 (American†¦show more content†¦It is rarely found in children older than 10. This type of cancer accounts for about 7% of childhood cancers. Wilms tumor is a cancer that starts in one, or rarely, both kidneys. It is most often found in children about three years old, and is uncommon in children older than six. It can sh ow up as a swelling or lump in the belly. This type of cancer accounts for about 5% of childhood cancers (American Cancer Society, 2010). Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma are cancers that start in the lymph tissues, such as the tonsils, lymph nodes, and thymus. These cancers may spread to bone marrow and other organs, which can cause different symptoms depending on where it is growing. Hodgkin’s lymphoma can occur in both children and adults, and accounts for about 4% of childhood cancers. It is more common, though, in two age groups: early adulthood (age 15-40, usually people in their 20s) and late adulthood (after 55). Hodgkin lymphoma is rare in children younger than five years of age. About 10% to 15% of cases are diagnosed in children and teenagers. About 81 out of 100 people diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are alive one year after the disease is diagnosed. About 63 out of 100 people with the disease are alive at five years, and 49 out of 100 at 10 years (Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, 2005-2010). Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. It makes up a little more than 3% of childhoodShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Childhood Cancer2480 Words   |  10 Pagesto the cancer organization, maybe you will not. This commercial gets you thinking of those children, and families, and how they are coping with this big obstacle in their lives. The commercial shows all of those sick innocent children in the hospital that need help, and answers. Childhood cancer is something that can either give a child a second life as a result, or take their life away at such a young age. Most people do not know a lot about cancer, or the ways that they can help cancer victimsRead MoreInformative Speech On Childhood Cancer1265 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood Cancer Introduction I. Open with Impact: About 15,270 children ages 19 or under will be diagnosed with cancer this year. (National Cancer Institute, 2017) A. With that said, have any of you know someone diagnosed with cancer? II. Thesis: Today I have the opportunity to inform you all about the number one childhood cancer, Leukemia, and also the new technologies we are using to help combat this disease. III. 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Between the two locations, 14 children with Leukemia were chosen to take place in this study. The children were compared based off of demographics, urinary and blood levels (metals, tungsten, pesticides, etc.) as well as location of residence compared to the rest of the U.S. Population. Variables were used in the determination of whether or not environmental exposure was the cause of the increase in cancer relatedRead MoreChildhood Cancer Case Study742 Words   |  3 Pagescontact patients who had given prior consent to the clinic personnel for personal information to be released for research purposes. Originally 3502 potential participants were chosen from the clinics database. A registered letter was sent to the childhood cancer survivors (3 years since ending treatment) ranging in age from18 to 28 who were treated between the years 1996 and 2011. Approximately 25% (N = 876) of the survivors responded to the potential participant questionnaire. It was found that 23%

Gun Control And The United States - 886 Words

Gun Control in the United States On December 14, 2012, a gunman walked into Sandy Hook Elementary in Newtown, Connecticut, and killed 20 children and six adults. This tragedy shook the nation and made Americans wonder, how could this have been prevented? Recently published research suggests mass shootings are becoming more common in the United States. Harvard University researchers said in October 2014 that a mass shooting has occurred every 64 days, on average, since 2011, compared with every 200 days from 1982 to 2011 (McLeod). With the recent spike in mass shootings, the United States should regulate gun control by revising the process for gun purchases, ban certain gun accessories, and ban automatic assault rifles. First and foremost, the United States needs to revise and enforce the process for gun purchases in all states in order to filter out mentally ill and unstable people. America’s current federal and state gun laws are weak and have many loopholes. These weak laws and loopholes have allowed thousands of prohibited buyers to legally purchase firearms over the past decade. For example, many gun purchases from private sellers are not subject to checking identification, there’s no background check, and no records are kept (Cooper). Secondly, the United States should ban accessories that transform guns into high powered killing machines. High capacity magazines have been the accessory of choice for most mass killers. Magazine drums allow popular weapons suchShow MoreRelatedGun Control Of The United States1698 Words   |  7 Pagesshootings that has happened throughout the Unites States has created a great divide among Americans on what should our nation do to prevent further shootings from happening. Many people believe that forcing new laws on how people purchase weapons should require background checks. Gun Control in the United States of America is a topic that has had lots of criticism and support by many citizens. The critical people of this topic believe that the guns do not kill people, it is the people that kill peopleRead MoreGun Control And The United States1569 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States gun control is a big controversy that has been blown out of proportion the last few years. Anyth ing that has to do with guns in the news, reporters say it is the guns fault. Gun control laws are being changed and morphed for the new society that we live in today. What gun control really means is a group of laws to control the selling and use of guns.(1). Statistics have proven that most people want more control on guns. Many surveys have shown that the benefits of gun controlRead MoreGun Control Of The United States Essay1412 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control Proposal Gun control is a highly controversial topic in the United States. There are many people who are for gun control - people who want to have stricter laws to make it so criminals and other dangerous people can’t obtain a firearm. 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But the main purpose of a firearm remains, the purpose of to killing people. The government in America has created laws for the use of guns, but not all people follow them. Gun ownership is the most basic American right and also one of the most contentious social and political issues of now a days. There are almost 300 million of private-owned firearms in the US, in this nation

Religious Allusion - Job And Pi - 1602 Words

Religious Allusion – Job Salt-water boils – red, angry, disfiguring – were a leprosy of the high seas, transmitted by the water that soaked me. Where they burst, my skin was especially sensitive; accidentally rubbing an open sore was so painful I would gasp and cry out. Naturally, these boils developed on the parts of my body that got the most wet and the most wear on the raft; that is, my backside. There were days when I could hardly find a position in which I could rest. Time and sunshine healed a sore, but the process was slow, and new boils appeared if I didn t stay dry. (192) The boils allude to the story of Job in the Bible. Both Pi and Job developed boils, but that was not their only similarity. Job’s story and Pi’s story draw†¦show more content†¦But it was to Father the crowning touch in Mrs. Gandhi’s dictatorial takeover of the nation. The camel at the zoo was unfazed, but that straw broke Father’s back. He shouted, ‘Soon she’ll come d own to our zoo and tell us that her jails are full, she needs more space. Could we put Desai with the lions?’†(78) This passage describes Mrs. Gandhi’s unconstitutional acts and their effects on Pi’s family. The story’s setting in India during this time period is crucial to providing the primary factor leading to the initiating event (Pi’s family’s decision to move to Canada). At that time, the Indian government used imprisonment and censorship to combat opposing voices, tactics that relied on fear and abusing power. As a family reliant on a small business, living in governmental instability was so stressful that it drove Pi’s father to seek the last resort of leaving their home and immigrating to Canada, a completely foreign land. This event not only causes readers to sympathize for Pi, but also causes them to realize the real life consequences of governmental corruption. Taking the tragic consequence of Pi’s move to Can ada in mind, the reader can realize that if the government was stable and functional, there would be no reason for Pi’s family to move; thus, none of Pi’s family members would have died in the sinking of the Tsimstum. They would haveShow MoreRelatedLife Of Pi Questions6295 Words   |  26 PagesLife of PiContent QuestionsPart 1: Toronto Pondicherry - Chapters 1-361). Pondicherry was the birth place of Pi the protagonist of the story. It was during Pis time in Pondicherry that he has suffered intensely and found comfort in religion and zoology; which proves to be the basis of the stories plot. With this in mind, he was raised in a time where there were many political problems arising which leads to Pis family leaving the country to Canada. This town is an appropriate choice for PisRead MoreEssay about Summary of History of Graphic Design by Meggs14945 Words   |  60 Pagespaper much like a modern book. - Graphic symbols became a representation of religious belief during the Roman Empire. - Rome’s legacy includes architecture, engineering, language, law and literature. - Just as the invention of printing launched a quiet revolution in Chinese culture, alphabetic writing on papyrus slowly transformed Western society. - Alphabetic writing was spread by armies, traders and especially religious missionaries. Chapter 3: The Asian Contribution - Chinese calligraphyRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesdeals spiralled upwards, outright acquisition of biotechs became a feasible alternative for cash-rich pharmas, driving further industry consolidation. failure of a crucial product, Pï ¬ zer was undergoing a strategic overhaul with the loss of 10,000 jobs. An intriguing response to environmental change was adopted by Roche, which positioned itself as operating an ‘integrated health care’ business model. Roche was the global leader in diagnostics and the strategic vision was to move from seller of instruments

Competitive Strategy The Pharmaceutical Industry

Question: Describe about the Competitive Strategy for The Pharmaceutical Industry. Answer: Introduction The project focuses on the pharmaceutical industry and the food and beverage industry of Australia. In order to understand the competitive strategy of the company two companies from each of the industries has been chosen. The chosen companies for analysing the pharmaceutical industry are Alphapharm and AstraZeneca, while the companies for the food and beverage industry are Fonterra Co-op Group and Lion Nathan National Food in Australia. Alphapharm is one of the largest generics and specialty pharmaceutical companies over the globe. The company manufactures more than 1,400 different products to wholesale, retail, government and institutional customers (Mylan.com.au. 2016). AstraZeneca is a global pharmaceutical company that deals with research, development, manufacturing and supplying of medicines (Astrazeneca.com. 2016). One the other hand, Fonterra Co-op Group is a global cooperatively owned company in New Zealand. The company aims to source secure, high quality milk to add real value to the customers all over the world (Fonterra.com. 2016). The Lion Nathan National Foods is a beverage and food industry operating in Australia and New Zealand and produces beer, wine, dairy, juices, RTDs and spirit (Lionco.com, 2016). The study therefore discusses the elements of the AAA framework to evaluate the adaptability, aggregation and arbitrage strategy of all the chosen four countries of the pharmaceutical industry and the f ood and beverage industry of Australia. The ways of using the elements of the AAA framework are also discussed to obtain detailed knowledge about the industry analysis of the company. Industry level analysis of the chosen industries Industry level analysis is one of the tools that support a company to understand the position of the company in the market with respect to its competitors. The AAA framework is an effective framework that helps to analyse the market of the industries. In the opinion of (Cusumano, Kahl and Suarez 2015), the three As of the framework represents the adaptation, aggregation and arbitrage of the organisation. The industry analysis of the chosen 4 companies is performed using the AAA framework. Industry level analysis of AstraZeneca: Adaptation: AstraZeneca implements various strategies that help the organisation to increase the market share and the revenue of the company. In order to enter into the new customer base, the company adapts practices and measures that help to attract the customers towards the brand. AstraZeneca has globally introduced the Young Health Programme that supports the vulnerable young individuals to understand and have a positive impact to handle the issues regarding health faced by them. Furthermore, in 2012, the company launched three-partnership with the George Institute for Global Health to improve the health conditions of the people over the world through research and development. Aggregation: The Company adopts strategies that help to achieve economies of scale by creating global efficiencies. The products offered by AstraZeneca are set at reasonable price that helps to attract more customers. Cost effective approaches and pricing strategies are used to achieve centralize purchasing of the raw materials, producing final products etcetera. AstraZeneca believes that the business will grow if the public are kept updated about the information regarding the medicines sold by the company (Teeratansirikool et al. 2013). Arbitrage: AstraZeneca implements strategies in the workplace that helps to create global value by profiting through margin of difference in different supply chain. The partnering process of AstraZeneca aims to be flexible, responsive and honest with the partners to provide equal value to both the parties. Hollensen (2015) mentioned that the company tries to establish long-term partnership to allow full participation in the development decision about the products. Industry level analysis of Alphapharm: Adaptation: Alphapharm applies global quality standards across the product line and the facilities despite the market. During the process of manufacturing and packaging, the company implies advanced and innovative technology and system that supports the company to meet the products with the specification. According to Bayraktaret al. (2016) the methods help the company to influence a wide network of both local and international channel of access that includes the institutions, physicians, government, retailer and wholesalers of the company. Aggregation: Alphapharm offers generic products to the customers as the generic medicines are more affordable and preferred by the patients. The sustainability of the government subsidised Pharmaceutical Benefit Schemes (PBS) is ensured with the help of the savings made due to the generic medicines. Arbitrage: In order to achieve global value the company intends to educate the government all over the world about the effectiveness of the generic medicines (Pulaj, Kume and Cipi 2015). The oral solid dose manufacturing capacity of the company grew about 65 billion and 80% of the products of the company are manufactured internally. Industry level analysis of Fonterra Co-op Group Adaptation: As the demand, for the dairy products have been increasing globally over the days, the company tries to grab more of the available opportunities in order to increase its revenue and profit. The company therefore takes decisive steps that help to meet the nutritional needs of the market. The seven key strategic paths of the company that is adopted by the company are optimising the New Zealand milk, build and grow beyond the current customer position. Deliver on foodservice potential, grow the anlene business, develop leading position in the paediatrics and maternal nutrition, invest selectively in the milk pools and align the business to enable the proper implication of the strategies (Lechner and Gudmundsson 2014). Aggregation: In order to offer high quality products to the customers all over the world,Fonterra Co-op Group collaborates with other companies that help to complement the focus of the company. Recently in 2015 march, Fonterra Co-op Group completed a partial Beingmate tender offer that helped to achieve a global partnership and meet the growing demand for infant formula in China (Devlin 2013). Arbitrage: Fonterra Co-op Group further implies strategies and open innovation policies that help to encourage the external partners to contribute in the development of new products and technologies. The company intends to achieve global value for which it has active research partnership with a number of universities and research facilities all over the world (Barotoet al. 2012). Industry level analysis of Lion Nathan National Food Adaptation: In order to adapt with the changing market of Australia, Lion Nathan National Food implements strategies that helps to understand the needs of the stakeholders in order to operate in partnership with the stakeholders. This helps to increase the productivity of the employees and thereby earn higher profit for the company (Rashidirad, Soltani and Syed 2013). Aggregation: As per the notion of the company, the culture of the market in Australia can be measured and influenced. When the culture is focused with constructive, inclusive and achievement, the employees are offered with great experiences and underpin success of the business in the long-run (Barei, Le Pen and Simoens 2013). Arbitrage: Lion Nathan National Food creates value for the products in the market by supporting better choice for the products. In order to increase the brand name, the company tries to improve the food and beverage choices of the individuals in Australia and New Zealand. Ways by which the company uses the elements of the AAA framework The study focuses on the pharmaceutical industry and the food and beverage industry of Australia. The companies of both the industries use the AAA framework that helps them to analyse the industrial level of the companies. The companies are able to evaluate the strategies used to deal with the competitive market with the support of the AAA framework elements. The pharmaceutical industry of Australia uses the elements of the AAA framework to develop competitive advantage for the company that helps to achieve a high position in the market. In order to incorporate the AAA framework in the business, the use of the authentication is the first process that provides the users a way to identify the systems used in the workplace. AstraZeneca uses all the three elements of the AAA framework, however, main focus is made on the adaptability and the arbitrage strategies of the company. The company introduces to the Young Health Programme to minimise the health issues from which a number of citizen suffer. Further, the company unites with the George Institute for Global Health to improve the health condition of the individuals. The company uses the cost effective strategies for cost minimisation, which is not that satisfactory. Thus, it can be inferred that the two elements of the company are used well that is the adaptability and the arbitrage strateg y of the company. The Alphapharm uses the first two elements of the AAA framework effectively that helps the company to achieve competitive advantage in the market of Australia. The company uses the adaptation element of the framework during the manufacturing and packaging process. The innovative and new technologies are implemented by the company. The Fonterra Co-op Groupuses all the three elements of the AAA framework to achieve an effective competitive advantage for itself. It uses the seven strategic path for itself that helps the company to perform as per the need and demand of the market. Moreover, the company Beingmate tender that helped to gain the aggregation strategy for the company. In order to use the third element that is the arbitrage the company includes open innovation policies. The Lion Nathan National Foods company in Australia pays attention towards the stakeholders need which can be referred as the use of the adaptation strategy in order to survive in the competitive market (Perry and Pyatt 2015). The company has been unsuccessful in using the elements of the AAA framework effectively. Elements AstraZeneca Alphapharm Fonterra Co-op Group Lion Nathan National Foods company Adaptation Young Health Programme Three-partnership with the George Institute for Global Health Innovative technology Seven key strategic paths Increase revenue Strategies to understand the need of stakeholders and improve sales Aggregation Cost effective approaches Pricing strategies Alphapharm offers generic products Sustainability of the government subsidised Pharmaceutical Benefit Schemes (PBS) Beingmate tender offer Culture is focused with constructive, inclusive and achievement Arbitrage Long-term partnership Educate the government about the generic medicines strategies and open innovation policies active research partnership with a number of universities and research facilities Supporting better choice for the products Conclusion From the above industry level analysis of the four chosen company it can be inferred that the AAA framework is an effective tool to measure the adaptability, aggregation and arbitrage strategy of the companies. The organisation are able to analyse their competitive advantage with the help of the AAA framework. The more a company is able to use the elements of the AAA framework the more is the company able to become competitively strong. The organisations gain a competitive advantage over its competitors that help them to earn higher market share and better market position. It can be therefore recommended that Fonterra Co-op Group needs to pay more focus on the utilization of the elements of the AAA framework. The maximum utilization of the elements will help the company to focus on the main objectives of the company that will in turn help to increase the market position of the company. The competitive strategies will help the industries and the companies to understand the industry in a better manner. Appropriate knowledge about the industry and the market supports the development of strong action plan. The organisational goals are effectively communicated that helps to achieve the goals in a smooth manner. Therefore, the proper use of the elements of the AAA framework (Adaptation, Aggregation and Arbitrage strategy) helps Alphapharm, AstraZeneca,Fonterra Co-op Group and Lion Nathan National Food in Australia to gain improved opportunity for success. References Astrazeneca.com. (2016).AstraZeneca - Research-Based BioPharmaceutical Company. [online] Available at: https://www.astrazeneca.com/ [Accessed 26 Sep. 2016]. Barei, F., Le Pen, C. and Simoens, S., 2013. The generic pharmaceutical industry: moving beyond incremental innovation towards re-innovation.Generics Biosimilar J. Baroto, M.B., Abdullah, M.M.B. and Wan, H.L., 2012. Hybrid strategy: A new strategy for competitive advantage.International Journal of Business and Management,7(20), p.120. Bayraktar, C.A., Hancerliogullari, G., Cetinguc, B. and Calisir, F., 2016. Competitive strategies, innovation, and firm performance: an empirical study in a developing economy environment.Technology Analysis Strategic Management, pp.1-15. Cusumano, M.A., Kahl, S.J. and Suarez, F.F., 2015. Services, industry evolution, and the competitive strategies of product firms.Strategic management journal,36(4), pp.559-575. Devlin, J.F., 2013. Adding value to retail financial services.International Journal of Bank Marketing. Fonterra.com. (2016).Fonterra - About Fonterra. [online] Available at: https://www.fonterra.com/global/en/About [Accessed 26 Sep. 2016]. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Lechner, C. and Gudmundsson, S.V., 2014. Entrepreneurial orientation, firm strategy and small firm performance.International Small Business Journal,32(1), pp.36-60. Lionco.com, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.lionco.com/ [Accessed 26 Sep. 2016]. Mylan.com.au. (2016).Mylan Seeing Is Believing. [online] Available at: https://www.mylan.com.au/ [Accessed 26 Sep. 2016]. Perry, C. and Pyatt, R., 2015. Network theorys contribution to the development of marketing research. InProceedings of the 1995 World Marketing Congress(pp. 188-196). Springer International Publishing. Pulaj, e., Kume, v. and Cipi, a., 2015. The impact of generic competitive strategies on organizational performance. The evidence from albanian context.european scientific journal,11(28). Rashidirad, M., Soltani, E. and Syed, J., 2013. Strategic alignment between competitive strategy and dynamic capability: Conceptual framework and hypothesis development.Strategic Change,22(3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 4), pp.213-224. Teeratansirikool, L., Siengthai, S., Badir, Y. and Charoenngam, C., 2013. Competitive strategies and firm performance: the mediating role of performance measurement.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,62(2), pp.168-184.

Consumer Behaviour For International Marketing Strategy - Free Solutio

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behaviour for International Marketing Strategy. Answer: Introduction: With increasing competition in the global market, every organization is looking to initiate effective marketing strategy in order to achieve competitive advantage in the market. Specifically, globalization has provided organizations huge potential market for enhancing the business in an appropriate manner. Now, implementation of effective marketing strategy heavily depends on several factors that organizations need to utilize in an effective way. In this report, the focus will be on one of the pioneers in wristwatch industry namely Rolex. Hans Wilsdorf and Alfred Davis established Rolex watches in the year of 1905 ("Discover more on Rolex.com", 2016). Thus, the organization is the business for more than 100 years that establish the fact that the focus organization has able to implement effective marketing strategy for reaching to its target group of customers. In this report, the focus will be on the implemented marketing strategy for Oyster and Cellini collections 2016 of Rolex watc hes, so that it can able to create desired impact on the market. In this report, in-depth analysis will be provided on the entire decision-making process of the Rolex watches in order to highlight the kind of impact it can have on the market. The report will also provide analysis of different factors that are creating impact on the overall effectiveness of the implemented strategies. Furthermore, it also has provided recommendations for Rolex watches so that it can able to achieve sustainable growth in the market. Situation analysis of the company: As highlighted by Perreault Jr, Cannon McCarthy (2013) situation analysis can help organization to identify its present position in the market. Several theories and models have been developed for analyzing the present situation of the organization in an appropriate way. BCG matrix is among the most popular technique for the evaluation of the present situation of a particular organization in the market. Thus, the BCG analysis for Rolex watches is provided as follows: Dogs: As highlighted by Ferrell Hartline (2012) dogs represent an organization with low growth rate and low market share. Thus, it actually represents a business with very little potential to achieve sustainable growth in the market. Now, Rolex is regarded as the most esteemed brand in the global market. Therefore, it is obvious that the organization will have huge potential to grow business even further. Thus, Rolex cannot be categorized under the dog segment. Question mark: Question mark represents an organization with low market share in a high growth market (Berthon et al., 2012). Thus, it primarily highlights an organization that has just started business in a particular industry. Thus, Rolex can also not be included in the question mark section, as it is in the business for more than 100 years. Furthermore, Rolex has major share of the luxury watch market that keeps the organization out of question mark section. Cash cows: As highlighted by Armstrong et al. (2012) cash cow represents an organization with high market share but very limited growth opportunity. However, implemented marketing strategies of Rolex have provided enough opportunity for increasing the market share in an appropriate way. Therefore, the organization definitely does not belong to the cash cow segment of BCG matrix. Stars: As highlighted by Morgan, Katsikeas Vorhies (2012) star represents an organization with large market share in the fast growing market. Now, Rolex is the market leader in providing luxury wristwatches in the global market. Therefore, it can be easily assessed that the organization is in the star segment of BCG matrix. Furthermore, as the organization is launching new brands, it is expected that it will continuously able to grow its market share in the market. Target market description: As per the article by Chaffey Ellis-Chadwick (2012), proper utilization of target marketing strategy allows organizations to reach to the potential customers in an appropriate way. Specifically, target market helps all the multinational organizations to identify and implement effective penetration strategies in order to fulfil all the marketing objectives. Now, Oyster and Cellini collections 2016 of Rolex represent luxury watches that are extremely expensive comparatively to any other wristwatches available in the market. Thus, Rolex target marketing strategy will have to target people with specific level of income. Thus, the targeting strategy of the organization will have to be extremely specific. Otherwise, it will not able to create desired impact on the market. Thus, Rolex targeting strategy includes market segmentation approach in order to reach to the potential customers. Geographical segmentation of Rolex focuses on the developed countries so that it can able to create positive impact on the market (Kotler et al., 2015). On the other hand, demographical segmentation of Rolex focuses on the age group between 30 to 55 years people. However, the prime focus of Rolex will have to on the income group of people, as the expenses of Rolex watches is very much unaffordable for people living with below or average income level. Target market decision-making process: As per the article by Solomon, Russell-Bennett Previte (2013) decision-making process is extremely important for fulfilling all the marketing objectives of the organization. Now, Rolex utilizes systematic procedure at the time of developing decisions for fulfilling all the objectives in an appropriate way. Firstly, the decision-making process of Rolex focuses on to evaluate the kind of challenges it has to face at the time of placing products in the target market. Therefore, Rolex has implemented different survey techniques in order to identify the needs of the target market in an appropriate way. For instance, the taste and preferences of the markets are expected to change over time. Therefore, it is necessary for the organization to identify the change in needs in an appropriate manner (Ekesa et al., 2015). Rolex has to develop decisions in order to identify the needs of the market in an appropriate way. Thus, the decision making process of the organization focuses on the effectiv e evaluation of alternative marketing strategies in order to create maximum impact on the market. Alternative evaluation requires effective utilization of market survey, as it will provide an idea regarding the prime challenges that organization has to face in near future. For instance, Rolex needs to evaluate the competitors business strategy to reach to its potential customers in an effective manner. Thereafter, Rolex focuses on the development of marketing campaign in order to reach to its targeted customers. Now, as the target market of the organization are high income group people, the decision-making process regarding the implementation of marketing strategy also focused on the factors like sense of satisfaction or achievement. It is important for the organization, as it induce people to fulfil their esteemed needs. Furthermore, Rolex decision-making process also has to include the brand positioning strategy, which is necessary for fulfilling all the marketing objectives. As per the article by Tingchi et al. (2013) positioning refers to a particular place that a brand occupies in the mind of the potential customers. Thus, it is essential for Rolex to develop decisions in such a way so that it can able to create desired impact on the mind of the customers. Two social influences on buying behaviour: As highlighted by Duarte, Raposo Ferraz (2013) consumer buying behaviour refers to the purchase, selection and consumption pattern of the people for fulfilling all the wants in an appropriate manner. Several social factors can have impact on the purchasing pattern of the people. In order to evaluate the buying behaviour of Rolex customers, family and references group has to be evaluated in an effective manner. Many studies have highlighted the fact that reference group has the potential to influence a particular individual for buying a particular product. Specifically, if the brands or the products are visible like dress, watches, shoes or phones, it can easily instigate other people of the groups to purchase similar products. Now, Oyster and Cellini collections 2016 is the most updated version of Rolex watches that has very limited owners in the market. Therefore, if an individual display the purchase of that collection, it will also increase the desire of other individuals to purc hase similar brand products in the market. On the other hand, family is another major factor that can influence target customers of Rolex to purchase a particular product. As per the article by Hjort et al. (2013), family helps to develop perception and values of individuals that plays superior role in developing brand loyalty for an organization. For instance, if all the senior members of a particular family are loyal towards the Rolex brand then it is expected that the culture of the family will also induce junior members to remain loyal of similar brand. Thus, family plays critical role in developing brand loyalty for organizations, which eventually affects the buying behaviour of the customers. Two psychological influences on buying behaviour: As highlighted by Badgaiyan Verma (2014) psychological behaviour can also have major impact on the overall buying behaviour of the customers. Understanding the psychology of the customers is significantly important for an organization for achieving sustainable growth in the market. Studies have highlighted four prime psychological factors including motivation, perception, learning and beliefs attitudes that can have major impact on the buying behaviour of the potential customers. However, it has been assessed that motivation and beliefs attitudes are the prime two factors that can influence people to purchase new edition of Rolex watches. As mentioned earlier, Rolex target market is only high-income group people. Therefore, people with specific income level can actually afford the cost of Rolex watches. Thus, it is necessary to have high level of motivation for purchasing Rolex products. Maslows hierarchy needs theory has highlighted different types of need that an individual can have in order to lead their life properly (Westwood, 2013). Now, motivation for luxury products like Rolex watches can be categorised under esteem needs of individuals, as it provides a sense of satisfaction among the customers. On the other hand, beliefs and attitudes is another significant psychological factor that can also influence the buying behaviour of individuals. Aday Yener (2014) have highlighted that beliefs requires strong brand positing for the organization. Now, Rolex is among the top luxury wristwatches manufacturers that have strong brand value in the market. Therefore, it is expected that the brand name of Rolex will help to create positive psychological impact on the potential customers mind that eventually help to create positive beliefs and attitudes towards each product of the organization. Thus, it is necessary for Rolex to focus on the effective development of beliefs and attitudes of the potential customers in order to influence them to purchase products of the organization. Two personal influences on buying behaviour: As highlighted by Hollensen (2015) analysis of customer buying behaviour is an extremely difficult process, as it requires analysis of many factors. Now, personal influences are also considered among the prime factors that can have major impact on the buying behaviour of the potential customers. Many studies have highlighted different personal attributes including occupation, economical condition, age, personality and lifestyle that can have impact on the purchasing decision of the customers. However, in case of purchasing luxury products like Oyster and Cellini collections 2016 of Rolex, economical condition and personality are the prime personal attributes that can have major impact on the behavioural pattern of the potential customers. As the watch collections of Rolex are extremely expensive, it almost become unaffordable for an individual with limited income. Thus, economical condition or financial support needs to be strong for the people willing to buy Rolex products. Conversely, people with limited income source will not view Rolex products as alternative option. Therefore, it will also affect the buying behaviour of that particular individual (Terpstra, Foley Sarathy, 2012). On the other hand, personality is another significantly important personal attribute that can have impact on the buying behavioural pattern of the customers. For instances, a music lover individual will always look for music related equipments. Therefore, an individual with addiction to luxury equipments is expected to look for different alternatives for purchase. Thus, it will create positive impact on influencing people to purchase Rolex products. Four marketing strategy recommendation: As per the article by Brooksbank (2013) proper utilization of marketing strategies are necessary for fulfilling all the marketing objectives in an appropriate manner. However, effectiveness of marketing strategies will have to be developed in such a way so that it can easily go with the image of the organization. For instance, marketing strategy for Rolex will have to focus towards maintaining the standard of the brand name in the market. With increasing competition, it has become necessary for Rolex to evaluate the marketing strategies continuously so that it can able to reach to all the potential customers. Four recommended marketing strategies for Rolex are as follows: Online advertisements: With increasing popularity of internet and social media, every organization has tried to utilize the platform for fulfilling all the marketing objectives (Pike Page, 2014). Therefore, Rolex also need to utilize the online platform to reach to the global potential customers in an effective way. Furthermore, Rolex needs to utilize social media platform as a tool for communicating with the potential customers. It not only will help the organization to identify the needs of the customers but also will create positive impact on solving any query in an appropriate way. Therefore, it will eventually help to create strong brand name in the market, which will create positive impact on businesses of Rolex. Magazine advertisements: Rolex also needs to utilize business magazines for reaching to the potential customers in an appropriate way. It is expected that all the people with high-income read prime business magazines on daily basis. Therefore, placing advertisements on magazines like GQ and Maxim will allow the company to create positive impact on the mind of potential customers. Furthermore, Rolex needs to utilize magazines to educate people about the quality of the provided wristwatches so that it can add value to the organization. Advertisements at major sport events: Rolex also needs to strategically place advertisement on all the major sporting events, as it will help to create desired impact on the market. The advertisements for the sporting events also need to be eye-catching and gripping so that it can able to grab the attention of the potential customers in an appropriate way. Sponsorship: Sponsorship is another prime marketing tool that Rolex needs to consider for fulfilling all the marketing objectives in appropriate manner. For instance, sponsorship in one of the most popular sporting events namely Wimbledon has helped the organization to increase popularity in the market. Therefore, it is necessary for the organization to identify many other events for effective utilization of sponsorship strategy for fulfilling the marketing objectives in an appropriate manner. Conclusion: From the above analysis it can be assessed that the implemented marketing strategies play extremely important role in fulfilling all the objectives of the organization in an appropriate manner. However, it is necessary for the organization to evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented marketing strategy so that it can able to make desired changes at the optimum time. Thus, Rolex also needs to focus on different factors to maintain itself as the top luxury wristwatch provider in the global market. References: Aday, M. S., Yener, U. (2014). Understanding the buying behaviour of young consumers regarding packaging attributes and labels.International Journal of Consumer Studies,38(4), 385-393. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2012).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Prentice-Hall, London. Badgaiyan, A. J., Verma, A. (2014). Intrinsic factors affecting impulsive buying behaviourEvidence from India.Journal of Retailing and consumer services,21(4), 537-549. Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L. F., Plangger, K., Shapiro, D. (2012). Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), 261-271. Brooksbank, R. W. (2013). Successful marketing practice: a literature review and checklist for marketing practitioners.International Journal of Wine Marketing. Chaffey, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2012).Digital marketing. Pearson Higher Ed. Discover more on Rolex.com. (2016).Rolex. Retrieved 27 November 2016, from https://www.rolex.com Duarte, P., Raposo, M., Ferraz, M. (2013). Drivers of snack foods impulse buying behaviour among young consumers.British Food Journal,115(9), 1233-1254. Ekesa, B., Rao, E. J. O., Cadilhon, J. J., Ayebare, P., Bashaasha, B., Muyanja, C., ... Mango, N. (2015). A situational analysis of agricultural production and marketing, and natural resource management systems in the central region of Uganda. Ferrell, O. C., Hartline, M. (2012).Marketing strategy, text and cases. Nelson Education. Hjort, K., Lantz, B., Ericsson, D., Gattorna, J. (2013). Customer segmentation based on buying and returning behaviour.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,43(10), 852-865. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015).Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Morgan, N. A., Katsikeas, C. S., Vorhies, D. W. (2012). Export marketing strategy implementation, export marketing capabilities, and export venture performance.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(2), 271-289. Perreault Jr, W., Cannon, J., McCarthy, E. J. (2013).Basic marketing. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Pike, S., Page, S. J. (2014). Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature.Tourism Management,41, 202-227. Solomon, M. R., Russell-Bennett, R., Previte, J. (2013).Consumer behaviour: Buying, having, being. Pearson Australia. Terpstra, V., Foley, J., Sarathy, R. (2012).International marketing. Naper Press. Tingchi Liu, M., Brock, J. L., Cheng Shi, G., Chu, R., Tseng, T. H. (2013). Perceived benefits, perceived risk, and trust: Influences on consumers' group buying behaviour.Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,25(2), 225-248. Westwood, J. (2013).How to write a marketing plan. Kogan Page Publishers.