Individualized Educational Plans and 504 Plans Free Essays

1. Marie and Mary had such various circumstances since they grew up at various occasions. We know Marie grew up before Mary in light of the fact that the author said the school locale was not required to teach her. We will compose a custom paper test on Individualized Educational Plans and 504 Plans or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Marie’s guardians had no genuine options for their little girl. At the point when the one school fitting for her shut, the school area didn't need to do anything further. They attempted custodial position for Marie yet obviously that was bad for her. So they brought her home and did as well as could be expected. Marie didn't get familiar with any genuine schools. She never went to a customary school, didn’t partake in social exercises or clubs, and didn't become familiar with an ability so she could act naturally supporting. By correlation Mary was brought into the world after government laws requiring training for all youngsters was passed. She had early mediation. She additionally had guardians who comprehended the law and Mary’s rights. They joined a care group, which most likely urged them to battle for ordinary instruction for Mary. At the point when the school needed to place Mary into an independent class, her folks approached rather for her to be put in a normal study hall. The school locale did this well, offering help for Mary. Mary had various types of scholarly lodging, for example, a PC that could peruse content to her and different facilities. Mary got additional assistance to figure out how to adapt to the requests of middle school, and in secondary school she started professional preparing. Mary had companions at school and professional objectives for herself. The outcome is that while Marie should be dealt with and her folks stress over what will befall her when they kick the bucket, Mary has been set up for life from the time she was a little child. She has consistently been around youngsters without handicaps and has gotten an opportunity to build up the verbal and social aptitudes she needs to get along on the planet. 2. IEP’s, or Individualized Educational Plans, and 504 Plans have a few likenesses. They are both proper designs to enable an individual kid to defeat learning contrasts with the goal that kid can be increasingly fruitful in school. This IEP shoulc incorporate proclamations about the child’s qualities and shortcomings, and ought to depict precisely how the school will accommodate the child’s instructive requirements. an IEP incorporates explicit objectives and plainly express the administrations the kid will get, including the measure of time and the sort of experts who will give them. IEP’s must be composed by a particular assemblage of laws and guidelines. A portion of those laws and guidelines are determined by the government under the I.D.E.A. law, yet also, every individual state has its own arrangement of rules and rules. The state’s rules must be good with the government ones yet the guidelines can vary a lot from state to state. On the off chance that a school doesn't follow the child’s IEP, the guardians have various lawful cures. A 504 Plan is additionally a composed arrangement to give instructional or other school administrations to a kid, however 504’s are secured by the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Along these lines, decides and guidelines that apply to IEP’s may not make a difference to 504 Plans. 504 Plans regularly help kids who don't get specialized curriculum administrations and who don't have an IEP. One utilization of a 504 Plan is to offer types of assistance after a child’s IEP has been finished. 504 Plans don't have the same number of lawful securities as IEP’s do. Step by step instructions to refer to Individualized Educational Plans and 504 Plans, Papers

Arrow Electronics Case Assignment Essay Essay Example

Bolt Electronics Case Assignment Essay Example Bolt Electronics Case Assignment Essay Bolt Electronics Case Assignment Essay Bolt was established in the mid 1935 as a retail vendor of remote gear. Along these lines the organization extended to sell delight stocks and electronic parts. In 2002 Arrow’s planetary gross incomes were $ 7. 4 billion. The semiconducting materials stocks produced over portion of the organization incomes. Since so. the organization has occupied with esteemed included administrations. Worth added is utilized to delineate situations where a house takes a product that might be viewed as a homogenous product. with not many contrasts from that of an opponent. also, furnishes potential customers with a trademark or extra that gives it a more noteworthy feeling of significant worth. A worth included product can either expand the product’s money related worth or worth. For delineation. offering one twelvemonth of free help on another figuring machine would be a worth included trademark. Bolt improved its stocks and administrations before offering the product to customers. The organization put, as it were, in a gross incomes power and coordinations capablenesss. Bolt Electronics realized they needed to pay close taking care of tasks. The organization knew the parts of the bargains and built up an away from of definitely how tasks will help achieve them. It included deciphering the finishes into conclusions for the operation’s open introduction. points. quality. speed. dependableness. flexibleness and cost especially at their dissemination communities. The executives realized stock records are viewed as an of import in addition to and are basic for concern achievement. Bolt utilized a clump of building and stock rundown informations at Arrow were exceptionally exact. So as to keep up stock rundown informations precise. Bolt put, as it were, in data building. The stock rundown following building brought about a superior underside line and a progressively beneficial concern. Compelling stock rundown heading expanded by building helped Arrow keep up way of stock rundown. smooth out telling and way focuses all through the product’s net incomes musicality. The three data frameworks they utilized were the gross incomes work area. the centralized server framework. what's more, the WMS. The framework net incomes work area permitted the gross incomes agents to see the stocks data. cost. what's more, their buying structures. The centralized computer framework kept up the customer stock rundown. orders and the rationale for net incomes request handling. The framework acted like a vault everything being equal and changed over the requests got from the gross incomes work area. The centralized server framework was the core working framework. The framework was impeccable in its capacity to follow stock rundown at expound degrees. Luckily Arrow’s assault to stock rundown truth is non unreasonable in light of the fact that the framework truly sets aside them cash on their stock rundown bearing. Stock heading bundle helped Arrow computerize strategies and better oversee frameworks to hinder losingss from hid costs. Since Arrow’s signi ficant frameworks were create in house. they are going to hold inconvenience using business bundle if their bundle have issues. Bolt Electronics bought the organization Eagle Semiconductor. Bird customary plan of runing a few territorial stockrooms and venturing to every part of the stock rundown into Arrows essential dispersion community was a worry assurance that should have been made by Betty Jane Scheihing. Senior Vice President of Worldwide Operations at Arrow Electronics. The distribution centers open introduction. customer infirmities. what's more, stock bearing were terrible. Scheihing ought to explain to bearing and Eagle’s focuses When stock rundown error happens. stock rundown course partners should go to the issue in a way to chop down the risk of terrible open introduction in the focuses. They ought to bespeak a prompt relate. seting the stock rundown records thusly. The heading partners should quantify their alternatives in footings of moving expense. bringing day of the month and clasp. what's more, the desperation. Organizations like Arrow rely, as it were, upon stock rundown truth to run or make full customer orders. Stock is the significant orga nization in addition to that helped with endeavors, for example, arranging. Thusly keeping up precise stock rundown records as a significant bearing instrument has various advantages. At the point when exact stock rundown records are kept. the data tells whether you can take on customer petitions or unconventional endeavors with the stock rundown on manus. Bolt can gain a feeling of when they will require to arrange new focuses. Bolt other than can reconsider the stock rundown records to put stock rundown propensities over clasp and do some essential expectations about stock rundown that may run out quicker than expected. These components mean they can be after and plan. This is basic to creating and keeping connections. Great stock rundown records imply that when customers call or compose with stock related requests. they can happen the answer quickly. A quick reaction cut typically implies the customer shows signs of improvement sentiment of the organization. At the point when they know unequivocally what stock rundown they have and where it is put away. they can recoup it rapidly and make full customer arranges speedily. The capacity to cover with enquiries and take care of requests quickly implies the organization can work more customers and travel progressively stock rundown through the organization. resulting in higher total compensation. In the event that customers need to hang tight for reactions or stocks. they may cancel requests and travel to different organizations. Stock error could perchance hold a significant effect on the Arrow’s open introduction. Stock mistake builds the clasp spent on the stock rundown course methodology. Additional clasp in various segments is spent on looking into contradictions. amending frameworks informations. what's more, pass oning concerns. Stock mistake impacts the organization’s monetary open introduction in footings of the expense of merchandise sold. Expanded expenses are the outcome of rushing transportation. additional work. furthermore, loss of creation. Bolt had stock rundown errors when they gave low degree distribution center administrators the obligation of occurring and amending stock rundown botches. Having a gathering of individuals with inconsistent readiness and experience tally and alter stock rundown was a little progressed for their compensation class. Bolt ought to of ensured who had power over affecting stock rundown. This is especially obvious in creating activities where the priorities of machine administrators and creation managers are run intoing the creation motivation. keeping up the machines running. what's more, guaranting the nature of the product being created. Stock truth should neer be an essential obligation of those kinds of spots. When Arrow resulted in these present circumstances acknowledgment. it was anything but difficult to see the advantages of seting stock rundown and stuff taking care of obligations in the guardianships of individuals whose essential occupation is examining and coincidence. In general Arrow Electronics Operational Execution was extraordinary. They put, all things considered, in designing to pull off their activities.

Importance of CSR in Cross Sector Cooperation

Question: Examine about the Importance of CSR in Cross Sector Cooperation. Answer: Presentation: The cutting edge way to deal with business the board has fundamentally developed. Already, associations centered their vitality toward item creation and benefit augmentation. Be that as it may, this methodology doesn't fit the current business condition. The consistently rising worries of the ramifications of organizations presence to the general public have moved methodologies in the board. The present age doesn't just position effective associations on benefit footing yet in addition on how they impact the lives of the encompassing networks. This is the thing that presented the methodology of corporate social duty (CRS). Errors exist on the meaning of this idea. As indicated by Zu (2008, pp.18), numerous individuals are as yet befuddled by the numerous definitions recommended by researchers and non-researchers. This is on the grounds that CRS, have been controlled by organization heads to accommodate their recognition. Things being what they are, what is a corporate social obligati on? As indicated by Sims (2003, pp.43), CRS, allude to business exercises that requires a ceaseless commitment by the firm to act morally and add to monetary turn of events while improving the lives of its work power, and their families, network, and the general society. Subsequently, it is an idea that requests a multidimensional way to deal with the board. Besides, it presents a problem for the organization of associations, since the partnerships must conclude whether to endure or flourish (Sims, 2003). Ths is on the grounds that they should serve the associations set objective and targets while fulfilling the requirements of the general public. The significance of CRS to both the general public and business can't be belittled. CRS have numerous advantages to the business condition. One of the essential significance of CRS is the upgrade of participation between the general public, business and different divisions (Carnogursky et al., 2015). This is pivotal for both the present moment and long haul advantages to the organization. Collaboration is an indication of business exercises agreeableness inside its environs of activity. It makes the endurance of a venture to simpler since others bolster them. Since CRS, advocates for the association to address the government assistance of the general public, it assumes a crucial job in changing the clients mentality (Kavaliauske Stancikas, 2014). Clients will be pulled in to procure products and ventures from enterprises which emphatically add to the general public. In any case, it doesn't ensure programmed inclination by the customer, in light of the fact that the present market is globalized, and buyers buy items utilizing various entryways. Some make online buys, thus won't be keen on the CRS activities of the organization. It is essential to recollect that, CSR is anything but an obligatory movement for associations. Thus it is an association's drive to offer back to the general public. In spite of, the client being progressively worried about the nature of administration and items, Kavaliauske Stancikas (2014) takes note of that the customers acknowledge socially or ecologically useful endeavors by associations. Be that as it may, fo r organizations which are privately based and serve nearby individuals, CRS activities are basic. For example, a neighborhood organization engaged with sugar item should devise methods for controlling the degree of contamination in the earth. Inability to do so can start opposition from the nearby network. Subsequently, starting CSR activities which will provide food for the prosperity of local people will change their mentalities towards the organization. As indicated by the CRS definition illustrated by Sims (2003), CSR should address the government assistance of a companys representatives and their families. Workers are an imperative segment in any association. They are the person who complete the association's objectives and destinations. Besides, they move in the direction of the fulfillment of the association's vital plans. Thus, in aggregate terms, the laborers are the pulses of associations. In this way, providing food for their inclinations boots their commitment. Representatives appreciate working for associations who have a positive social picture. This causes the organization to be a dear of numerous potential workers. This is basic to the endurance and execution of a venture. Upbeat and fulfilled representatives are imaginative, dedicated and persevering. This in this way improves the companys execution. In this manner, the corporate social obligation activities are exceptionally urgent in the cutting edge business world. All in all, what are the benefit of this methodology? It is fundamental to take note of that both business and non-beneficial association takes part in CRS. Consequently, it ought not be considered as a method for pulling in benefits. Improved joint effort between the organization, society and different areas make it simple to market and association. The media assumes a fundamental job in showcasing. In this way, when a partnership participates in CRS activity, it draws in media consideration which will at that point publicize the companys exercises to the individuals. This is a proficient method for promoting an association. Through CSR exercises, individuals will come to find out about venture exercises, their products, and administrations. CRS makes it simpler for associations to acquire monetary help. There are well wishes which are prepared to help exercises which can spare the earth or inspire the vocation of networks. This is pivotal for non-beneficial affiliations who rely upon contributor assets and volunteers to do the administrations. Givers will help programs which are tending to lasting cultural issues. Consequently it is prudent when an association is setting up a CSR undertaking to complete genuine research on regions of high need. The present market condition is exceptionally mind boggling, and organizations discover it to make due on the own. Consequently, they blossom with organizations with others. CSR makes the way toward striking corporate association to be simple. This is on the grounds that organizations searching for accomplices are probably going to support those with the positive open picture. Moreover, improved execution underway and showcase rivalry are different focal points that CSR can bring. Improved execution is brought about by laborers fulfillment while showcase rivalry is because of the adjustment in clients impression of an organization. Customers will lean toward socially capable establishments. For the workers, companies with positive cultural picture draw in quality and skilled work power. There are likewise deficiencies related with CSR. Numerous individuals despite everything view CSR as magnanimous giving. As indicated by Hopkins (2012), this view is misleading and ought not be utilized to characterize CSR. Nonetheless, CSR can have an antagonistic ramifications on the productivity of business. The primary purpose behind setting up a business is to produce benefits. At the point when organizations take part in CSR activities which are not monetarily beneficial, it very well may be seen as monetary wastage. Numerous elements are causing poor states in the general public, and one association can't change the circumstance alone. Besides, it isn't ensured that the organizations association can decidedly impact the circumstance (Hopkins, 2012). In this way, it tends to be named as wastages of assets. Besides, it triggers clashes between the organization heads and the partners. The organization the board can bolster the possibility of CSR, however the partners can be agai nst it, bringing about breaks. Convincingly, CSR is an extremely useful asset in guaranteeing the drawn out endurance of an association. This is on the grounds that it causes the organizations to be acknowledged in the general public. Moreover, it encourages corporate association which is the cutting edge method of market endurance. Be that as it may, critical thought and research should be done before taking part in any SRS activities to dispense with odds of money related misfortunes. Reference List Carnogursky, K., Diacicova, A., Dancova, A. Lach, M., 2015. Useful Importance of CSR in Cross-part Cooperation.. Procedia Economics Finance, Volume 34, pp. 244-251. Hopkins, M., 2012. Corporate Social Responsibility and International Development: Is Business the Solution? London: Earthscan. Kavaliauske, M. Stancikas, A., 2014. The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility in Lithuania's Finance and Telecommunication Industries. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 110, pp. 796-804. Sims, R. R., 2003. Morals and Corporate Social Responsibility: Why Giants Fall. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. Zu, L., 2008. Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Restructuring and Firm's Performance: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Enterprises. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media.

The EarthWear Brand What Makes EarthWear Brand Unique - 1650 Words

The EarthWear Brand: What Makes the EarthWear Brand Unique? (Case Study Sample) Content: The EarthWear BrandName:Institutional Affiliation:Question 1: What makes the EarthWear brand Unique?The EarthWear brand is mostly unique because of its authenticity. Unlike other brands that claim to be natural yet they use artificial ingredients to make beauty products, EarthWear products are made from truly natural ingredients that grow from the earth. They do not have additional chemicals like many other cosmetic brands. Additionally, the EarthWear brand is personalized to the needs of each and every customer. This makes it unique because other brands just make products that will sell without having specific segments of people in mind. They mostly make onesize fits all products. Additionally, Bessant interacts with her customers on some level whether it is online, at the market or in retail stores. Most other brands do not have this. Once the product is made, the brands do not go out of their way to establish personalized relationships with their customers. Further , EarthWear aims to genuinely help customers understand their skin tones and how best they can take care of them. Other brands do not have this aspect. They simply want customers to purchase whichever products they have irrespective of whether customers understand their functionality or even if the customer will use the product or not. Further, the EarthWear brandfocuses more on customer satisfaction as compared to sales or making a profit. Bessant would rather have a customer understand the nature of the product she is offering instead of pushing a sale on the customer. Most other brands are more concerned with sales above everything else. Moreover, EarthWear does not engage in hostile selling in which customers are coerced or even forced to buy products. Instead, Bessant uses a laid back approach in which she tells the customer the value of the product and then lets the customer to make their own decision on whether to buy the product or not. Lastly, the EarthWear brand is unique because of the hands on work involved in the creation of products. Bessant is involved in the procedure from the procurement of the supplies, the making of the products themselves, packaging, taking of orders, marketing, and accounting to the final delivery of the product to the customer. Most of the other cosmetic brands do not have this. The person responsible for the procurement of supplies is not the same one involved in the production of the cosmetics and neither is he the one involved in taking of orders, marketing or accounting. This is because they are decentralized (Bessant, 2016).Question 2: Establishing a positive Reputation for EarthWearTo establish a positive reputation for EarthWear, Bessant has utilized the personalized approach strategy. She especially uses the personalized approach in the preparation of the products.She prepares the products with various groups of customers in mind. Most of the products she creates incorporate the feedback from her customers (Obscho nka, 2011). This shows that she is a business woman who cares about her customers and it goes a long way to enhance her reputation. Additionally, she personally sells the products to the customers in the market, from her house, online and in fairs. This shows that she is committed to the brand and customers value this. They trust her and this goes to further affirm her reputation. She is also reliable in that she promises that products will be ready by a particular time and then delivers promptly. Customers will talk well about a business person who keeps their word (De Castro, Lpez, Sez, 2006). Bessant also uses truly natural ingredients to make her products unlike other brands which say they are natural and they are not. This shows that her brand is authentic and goes a long way in increasing customers trustin her. This complements her reputation. Further, Bessant is more concerned about equipping customers with information on how they can take care of their skinand how EarthWear products can help in that instead of only focusing on the profits side. This causesBessant to come across as a genuine individual who has a passion for skin care and it enhances her reputation in the long run.Bessant's personal reputation affectsEarthWear's reputation in that there is no distinction between her and the brand. As a sole proprietor there is no difference between her and the business. They are one and the same. Whatever she says or does affects the brand directly. When Bessant has a good reputation, the business rides on it. On the other hand, when Bessant has a bad reputation, the EarthWear brand suffers the same. Currently, Bessant is enjoying a good reputation within her community. This is especially because of the good word of mouth spread by customers to their friends and family members. In the end, this results into more sales for the EarthWear brand (Borzywoski, 2014). Question 3: EarthWears Corporate CultureEarthWear's corporate culture is based on integrity. Bessant has committed herself to the establishment of products that are truly made from natural ingredients with no exceptions because her products are all natural no artificial products are used in making them. This is in line with what she promises her customers. Additionally, EarthWear's corporate culture also comprises of emphasis on good customer service. Bessant believes that she would rather educate a customer about the benefits ofusing natural products on their bodies as compared to pushing a sale. She also ensures that all of customers issues and orders are dealt with promptly. She also incorporates her customers' feedback in the development of products. This indicates that she values her customers' input. Further, the EarthWear brand is built on passion (Denison, 1990). Bessant has no formal education in science but she has conducted research by herself to enable her create truly natural products for her customers. She has also dedicated herself to educating peopleon the i mportance of using natural products for their body care regardless of whether that person will eventually buy her products or not. Further, there is a culture of dedication and commitment in EarthWear. Bessant started out her brand as a hobby. Through dedication, she has grown the company to a great extent all by herself. Currently, she has to do the product creation, marketing, accounting, maintenance of social media accounts and research tasks by herself. Without commitment, this would not have been possible as she would feel that it is too strenuous to run the business. Earthwear's corporate culture also encompasses a great deal of innovation because Bessant has created each of the products right from scratch. To develop more products to satisfy the growing customer demand, she must continue innovating (Kotter, 2008). The individuals she hires to help out with the work must be able to think outside the box to achieve this. Further there is a corporate culture of growth within the EarthWear brand. Bessant has sacrificed so much to see her business grow. She even had to move from the area of Estevan to North Battleford because it had a wider market opportunity. She has also ventured out, setting her products up in markets, fairs and even in retail stores as well as online to reach more customers. She even hopes that the business will saturate the Saskatchewan region as well as the Western Canadian Market. This shows that the people she hires to assist her in running the business must have a desire to grow the company and with the company. They must be ready to do whatever it takes to achieve this while remaining true to the customer and the authenticity of the products. Further, there is a culture of risk taking in EarthWear. While selling her products to retail stores, she refused to allow them a 50% off the suggested retail price and instead offered them 30%. This was a major risk because the stores were already used to the 50% markup. She however stood he r ground and let the retailers change their markup expectations. The new employees must be able to take risks in the running of the business (Zwilling, 2012).Question 4: Recruiting New EmployeesTo get her ideal employees, Bessant should start with advertising the position in local media, in the firms social media accounts and on the website. This will help to attract a large pool of qualified professionals to choose from. This step ensures that she has qualified people for the job position. Once the applications for the job position trickle in, she should sieve them choosing the ones that are most suitable for the position she is offering. Those that do not match the required criteria are set aside and contacted to be notified that they have been unsuccessful. Those that best match the criteria are then invited for an interview. This first interview will set to establish the candidates particular knowhow on the field of natural cosmetics and the general operations of business. As su ch, the questions asked will be more detailed towards the line of natural cosmetics. Those that have more knowledge and exposure will be identified and invited for a second interview. The rest will be notified that their interview was unsuccessful. During the second interview, Bessant should pose more practical questions and tasks to the candidates. As a matter of fact, she can do a practical interview in ...

What You Must Know About Article Review Essay

What You Must Know About Article Review Essay The Honest to Goodness Truth on Article Review Essay A vital analysis is a whole kind of text dealing with a specific article or book in detail as a literature review a part of a broader kind of document. In case it's a scientific article being reviewed, the author is going to be asked to use database searches to retrieve the outcomes of the search. Now you need to handle the core of your paper. The very first reading of the short article is essential, as it aids the reader to contact the author of the report to be reviewed. Students must understand how to compose an article summary. The author's arguments ought to be taken note of. Our writer is likely to make sure the post is going to be completed in the right way and according to your instructions. A superb article review implies that the writer reads the article several times to come up with a comprehensive comprehension of the content and its major points. When identifying the write-up, it is critical that the writer selects an article that talks about a topic they are conversant with. Beneath the title, cite the article that you're going to review. People, first, follow the link out of curiosity in the event the title is that interesting. Stress the sentences or quotes you would like to use. The title is supposed to be short and precise, giving all the information which the reader may want to comprehend what the essay is all about. An article review is owned by the most often assigned papers. It is a piece of academic writing which combines a summary of an article and its evaluation. Usually, it contains a summary of the content, an evaluation of the text, and a presentation of the reviewer's personal understanding of the article. Writing an article review isn't nearly expressing your opinion on the job. Questions shouldn't be accusatory or judgmental. Lesson Summary Writing an article review is similar to a conversation with a person. The post starts with a discussion on the value of environmental preparation. The very first portion of the article review writing process is reading the guide to be reviewed for the very first time. If you compare your article review with different ones you find it possible to acquire the point of what you will need to write way faster. An article review is similar to an argument as you'll need to take a position on the article whilst not getting caught up in the matter accessible. What Article Review Essay Is - and What it Is Not While studying in high-school or college, there's a good chance you will need to compose an article review. All you have to do is consult with an expert customized essay writing service like ours that is guaranteed to submit all of your assigned work in time. The only means to compose an exceptional article review w ithout reading the whole content is to get in touch with professional on-line writing services. There are occasions when students do not will need to use articles as the principal sources. Write down your reactions to certain regions of the write-up and any important issues the report covers. It enforces the need for the nurse to follow a certain order during the process. It discusses the importance of the nurse asking all of the cardinal symptoms of each specific body system mentioned by the patient. Reviewing journal articles is the perfect method to find out more about a particular region of interest and how research is conducted.

Factors Impacting On The Effectiveness Of Palliative Care - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2753 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Palliative care can vary significantly in its effectiveness according to condition, location, and type of patient (WHO, 2011; Gomes et al., 2013). This has long been recognised as an issue: Higginson et al. (2003) suggested that it has been difficult to prove the effectiveness of palliative care given the broad range of providers and the diverse nature of the clients. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Factors Impacting On The Effectiveness Of Palliative Care" essay for you Create order The World Health Organisation (WHO, 2011) has argued that palliative care has generally been unduly focused on the needs of cancer patients and is unsuited for the increase in older patients with diverse needs that are more common in many parts of the world. Part of this variation is the differences between the type of care required for various conditions and the fact that sometimes specialised care for a variety of conditions is required (Preston et al. 2014). There are also challenges posed to meeting patients wishes for palliative care through patient-centred care, and Gomes et al. (2013) suggest that the desire of most patients to die at home can stretch resources or result in palliative care provision not reaching the wishes of their clients. Likewise, the extent to which palliative care can be effectively provided through interaction with other care providers, and the role of family or informal carers is often unclear (Hanson et al., 2012). This has led to a range of views on t he effective provision of palliative care. In this essay, first the challenges posed by an aging population and the challenge of providing specialist care to specific population groups will be considered. Second, the challenge of providing home-based palliative care will be discussed. Third, the challenges of developing effective communication between caregivers and the family will be evaluated. Fourth, ways in which informal caregivers may be involved in palliative care will be discussed. Finally, the arguments for earlier intervention in some cases will be evaluated. The World Health Organisation argues that an important factor impacting upon the effectiveness of palliative care is the aging population in most countries that is coupled with a lack of attention to their complex needs (WHO, 2011). Older people more commonly experience multiple health problems, resulting in the need for such complex health needs to be more effectively supported (WHO, 2011). The model for palliativ e care traditionally focuses upon support for single diseases such as cancer, whereas people aged over 85 years are more likely to die from cardiovascular disease. There are also multiple debilitating diseases, such as dementia, osteoporosis and arthritis, and may require palliative care at any point in their illness trajectory (Gardiner et al., 2011). WHO (2011) indicate that palliative care does not usually form a part of traditional disease management, and with a combination of diseases the point at which palliative care is needed may become increasingly difficult to determine. The need for integration between different agencies is also cited as an important factor affecting older people (WHO, 2011). As such, palliative care for older adults must take into account the increasing variety of conditions that may develop, which is something that is not yet common amongst many care providers. Solutions to these issues proposed by WHO (2011) include the need for palliative and prima ry care providers to receive more effective training in the needs of older people, and to gain a clearer understanding of the syndromes that affect this population group. This also includes a more effective understanding of the pharmacokinetics of opiates for pain management, and issues that are caused by comorbidity (Gardiner et al., 2011). Palliative physicians also need to improve their understanding of long-term care, including the administrative and clinical issues that are associated with older people dying in care homes. Likewise, inter-agency collaboration in palliative care is required to ensure that diverse needs are met through carers with different specialisms (Neilson et al., 2013). This means that palliative care needs to adopt a more personalised approach that takes into account the specific needs of clients, making collaborative approaches more common (Vitillo Puchalski, 2014). As such, partnership working is likely to play an increasingly prominent role in palliati ve care provision in the future. Similar concerns involving the specialised care for specific groups is identified by Vollenbroich et al. (2012), who investigate the potential for providing home care for children. These results suggested that where a specialised paediatric care team was used, there were high improvements in the childrens symptoms and quality of life. Additional benefits were seen as the reduction of the administrative barriers and improvement in aspects of communication between the care teams and the family. This supports arguments made by WHO (2011) which suggests greater specialisation is required to take into account the different diversities of patients who need palliative care. However, one aspect that is not identified by Vollenbroich et al. (2012) is the challenge posed by whether the condition should be considered as of greatest importance or whether the demographic considerations are needed (Gardiner et al., 2011). This suggests that perceptions of the a ge at death can significantly affect the patients needs in palliative care, and further research may be required to investigate the extent to which such suppositions are borne out in practice. The place in which palliative care is provided is also a significant factor when considering how far the care meets the wishes of the patients. The extent to which people can opt for their place of death is an important factor affecting the effectiveness of palliative care. In the European Union, most people do not die at home (WHO, 2011). However, this is the preferred place of death for most people. In England, 58% of deaths occur in NHS hospitals, 18% at home, 4% in hospices, and 3% in other places. There is clearly an interest amongst many patients for dying at home. JordhÃÆ' ¸y et al. (2010) report on an intervention programme staged by the University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway, which was intended to enable patients to spend more time at home and for them to die there should they prefer. This demonstrates that in order to achieve this end, close cooperation was necessary with the community health-care providers, and a multidisciplinary consultant team was needed to coordinate the care provision. This research demonstrated that intervention patients spent a smaller proportion of the last month of life in nursing homes than was possible for the control sample (JordhÃÆ' ¸y et al. 2010). This illustrated that to increase the proportion of patients who were able to die at home, a significant investment of resources would be needed. This manifested itself in the need for greater levels of training in palliative care for community care staff, thus increasing the costs associated with the provision of care (JordhÃÆ' ¸y et al. 2010). Similar considerations were made by Gomes et al. (2013), who argue that providing palliative care at home increases the chances of dying at home, while reducing symptom burden that people experience as a part of an advanced ill ness. This also reduces the intensity of grief for family members if the patient dies (Gomes et al., 2013). However, Gomes et al. (2013) suggest that it is possible to provide home palliative care without significantly raising costs, but this is challenged by reports such as WHO (2011) who argue that for many patients, the complexity of the conditions experienced undermine the potential for home care to be effectively provided. Smith et al. (2014) suggest, however, that the context of increasing costs of healthcare means that the potential for palliative care to be provided in the home environment should be more closely investigated. In particular, this outlines that the quality of care can be significantly improved for home-based care, and in some cases the costs may be reduced by the fact that they may be spread between existing caregivers. Communication between the patients and family members is often cited as an important factor leading to improved palliative care. Hannon et al. (2012) suggest that in contexts where family members are taken into account and given a role, family meetings can account for a significant improvement to the weekly workload for staff members. The study suggested that such meetings improved the particular areas of concern and worry for family members (Hannon et al., 2012). This demonstrates that such meetings can play an important role improving the experience of palliative care and indicate that one of the important roles of caregivers lies in the support that is given to the families of the patients as well as to the patients themselves (Hannon et al., 2014). However, although such meetings are considered appropriate and effective they may be undermined by the time constraints, the availability of appropriate staff, and the limitations of resources (Hannon et al., 2014). This may lead to less emphasis being placed on such aspects of palliative care, particularly where the benefit is not directed wholly towards the patient. Ne vertheless, against this criticism is the extent to which such issues may result in the needs of the patient being better identified by consultation with family members (Gomes et al., 2013). It can be argued that this would represent an area of particular benefit to the provision of palliative care. Harding et al. (2011) point out that informal caregivers are of significance in providing effective palliative care. Given the diversity of the care provided by this group, there is a need for a range of intervention strategies to provide appropriate support, depending on the needs of the patient. However, Harding et al. (2011) suggest that the range of models that are available to meet caregivers needs. Likewise, Harding et al. (2012) emphasise the significant costs to informal caregivers in terms of the emotional, physical and financial demands that informal caregiving places upon them. The conclusions of these studies indicate that support should be provided specifically to the car egiver and tailored closely to their needs, and the drawback of many existing approaches was the fact that interventions were not tailored to the caregivers needs. This is an important aspect for improving palliative care, as many patients prefer the services of informal caregiving, and this can also reduce the burden on professional healthcare if appropriate (Aslakson et al., 2014). The potential for providing support that is tailored to the needs of the informal caregivers would seem an important and effective means by which the quality of palliative care can be improved (BrandstÃÆ' ¤tter et al., 2014). Zimmerman et al. (2014) identify that there are limitations to the provision of palliative care in home settings that depend upon the condition of the patient. In their study, patients with advanced cancer tend to have a much lower quality of life that worsens as their condition progresses. This suggests that for some patients, palliative care should be provided at an earlier stage than is usually the case. However, such developments would depend upon the prognosis, and in such cases it is important to avoid premature judgment. Yoong et al. (2013) also suggest that early palliative care can prove beneficial in situations where patients have advanced lung cancer. This suggests that the benefits allow the palliative care teams to focus on fostering relationships with patients and their families, and improving illness understanding amongst patients and caregivers. The potential for adopting a comprehensive approach in this case provided psychosocial benefits, such as improving the coping mechanisms for patients alongside the management of medical treatment (Bajwah et al., 2012). The research thus indicates that the involvement of palliative care teams at an earlier stage in the treatment may be appropriate for some conditions and may provide significant benefits to the quality and effectiveness of care. In conclusion, many of the arguments discussed sug gest that there is an important case to be made for a greater diversity in approaches to palliative care. The need to take into account the diversity in the psychosocial needs of different population groups illustrate the importance of a more personalised approach to palliative care. Likewise, the challenge in meeting patients wishes to die at home requires significant attention as this can clearly provide significant benefits to patients. The research also indicates that greater engagement with family members can help support patients and prove of wider benefit to the carers. This also indicates that the involvement of informal caregivers is also a significant area of development, given the wide-ranging role they can play in the provision of palliative care. The introduction of palliative care at an earlier stage may allow benefits to the care process, particularly where the patient is cared for at home, as it helps foster an effective working relationship between different parties . Thus far, the key deficiencies of palliative care are largely that it appears to be focused on particular conditions and specific locations; the challenge is to broaden the type of patient that can be cared for, provide greater support to informal carers and family members, and be more responsive to the wishes of the patient. References Aslakson, R., Cheng, J., Vollenweider, D., Galusca, D., Smith, T. J., Pronovost, P. J. (2014). Evidence-based palliative care in the intensive care unit: a systematic review of interventions. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 17(2), 219-235. BrandstÃÆ' ¤tter, M., KÃÆ' ¶gler, M., Baumann, U., Fensterer, V., KÃÆ' ¼chenhoff, H., Borasio, G. D., Fegg, M. J. (2014). Experience of meaning in life in bereaved informal caregivers of palliative care patients. Supportive Care in Cancer, 22(5), 1391-1399. Bajwah, S., Higginson, I. J., Ross, J. R., Wells, A. U., Birring, S. S., Patel, A., Riley, J. (2012). Specialist palliative care is more than drugs: a retrospective study of ILD patients. Lung, 190(2), 215-220. Bruera, E., Yennurajalingam, S. (2012). Palliative care in advanced cancer patients: How and when?. The Oncologist, 17(2), 267-273. Gardiner, C., Cobb, M., Gott, M., Ingleton, C. (2011). Barriers to providing palliative care for older people in acute hospitals. Age and Ageing, 40(2), 233-238. Gomes, B., Calanzani, N., Curiale, V., McCrone, P., Higginson, I. J. (2013). Effectiveness and costà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ effectiveness of home palliative care services for adults with advanced illness and their caregivers. The Cochrane Library. https://www.update-software.com/BCP/WileyPDF/EN/CD007760.pdf Hannon, B., OReilly, V., Bennett, K., Breen, K., Lawlor, P. G. (2012). Meeting the family: measuring effectiveness of family meetings in a specialist inpatient palliative care unit. Palliative and Supportive Care, 10(1), 43-49. Hannon, B., Swami, N., Pope, A., Rodin, G., Dougherty, E., Mak, E., Zimmermann, C. (2014). The oncology palliative care clinic at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre: an early intervention model for patients with advanced cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer, 23(4), 1073-1080. Harding, R., Epiphaniou, E., Hamilton, D., Bridger, S., Robinson, V., George, R., Higginson, I. J. (2012). What are the perceived needs and chal lenges of informal caregivers in home cancer palliative care? Qualitative data to construct a feasible psycho-educational intervention. Supportive Care in Cancer, 20(9), 1975-1982. Hanson, L. C., Rowe, C., Wessell, K., Caprio, A., Winzelberg, G., Beyea, A., Bernard, S. A. (2012). Measuring palliative care quality for seriously ill hospitalized patients. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 15(7), 798-804. Harding, R., List, S., Epiphaniou, E., Jones, H. (2011). How can informal caregivers in cancer and palliative care be supported? An updated systematic literature review of interventions and their effectiveness. Palliative Medicine, 26(1), 7-22. Higginson, I. J., Finlay, I. G., Goodwin, D. M., Hood, K., Edwards, A. G., Cook, A., Normand, C. E. (2003). Is there evidence that palliative care teams alter end-of-life experiences of patients and their caregivers?. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 25(2), 150-168. JordhÃÆ' ¸y, M. S., Fayers, P., Saltnes, T., Ahlner-Elm qvist, M., Jannert, M., Kaasa, S. (2010). A palliative-care intervention and death at home: a cluster randomised trial. The Lancet, 356(9233), 888-893. Neilson, S. J., Kai, J., McArthur, C., Greenfield, S. (2013). Using social worlds theory to explore influences on community nurses experiences of providing out of hours paediatric palliative care. Journal of Research in Nursing, 18(5), 443-456. Preston, N., Dunleavy, L., Rigby, J., Griggs, A., Salt, S., Parr, A., Payne, S. (2014). Overcoming barriers to research in palliative care: results from a consensus exercise. Palliative Medicine, 28(6), 745-745. Smith, S., Brick, A., OHara, S., Normand, C. (2014). Evidence on the cost and cost-effectiveness of palliative care: A literature review. Palliative Medicine, 28(2), 130-150. Vitillo, R., Puchalski, C. (2014). World Health Organization authorities promote greater attention and action on palliative care. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 17(9), 988-989. Vollenbroich, R ., Duroux, A., Grasser, M., BrandstÃÆ' ¤tter, M., Borasio, G. D., FÃÆ' ¼hrer, M. (2012). Effectiveness of a pediatric palliative home care team as experienced by parents and health care professionals. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 15(3), 294-300. Yoong, J., Park, E. R., Greer, J. A., Jackson, V. A., Gallagher, E. R., Pirl, W. F., Temel, J. S. (2013). Early palliative care in advanced lung cancer: a qualitative study. JAMA Internal Medicine, 173(4), 283-290. Zimmermann, C., Swami, N., Krzyzanowska, M., Hannon, B., Leighl, N., Oza, A., Lo, C. (2014). Early palliative care for patients with advanced cancer: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 383(9930), 1721-1730.

Childhood Cancer Essay example - 1626 Words

Childhood Cancer By: Amanda Bone July 11, 2010 HCA/240 Bruce Gould The body is made up of hundreds of millions of living cells. Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries. Cancer begins when cells in a part of the body start to grow out of control. There are many kinds of cancer, but they all start because of out-of-control growth of abnormal cell (American Cancer Society, 2010). About 10,730 children in the United States under the age of 15 were diagnosed with cancer in 2009 (American†¦show more content†¦It is rarely found in children older than 10. This type of cancer accounts for about 7% of childhood cancers. Wilms tumor is a cancer that starts in one, or rarely, both kidneys. It is most often found in children about three years old, and is uncommon in children older than six. It can sh ow up as a swelling or lump in the belly. This type of cancer accounts for about 5% of childhood cancers (American Cancer Society, 2010). Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma are cancers that start in the lymph tissues, such as the tonsils, lymph nodes, and thymus. These cancers may spread to bone marrow and other organs, which can cause different symptoms depending on where it is growing. Hodgkin’s lymphoma can occur in both children and adults, and accounts for about 4% of childhood cancers. It is more common, though, in two age groups: early adulthood (age 15-40, usually people in their 20s) and late adulthood (after 55). Hodgkin lymphoma is rare in children younger than five years of age. About 10% to 15% of cases are diagnosed in children and teenagers. About 81 out of 100 people diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are alive one year after the disease is diagnosed. About 63 out of 100 people with the disease are alive at five years, and 49 out of 100 at 10 years (Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, 2005-2010). Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. It makes up a little more than 3% of childhoodShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Childhood Cancer2480 Words   |  10 Pagesto the cancer organization, maybe you will not. This commercial gets you thinking of those children, and families, and how they are coping with this big obstacle in their lives. The commercial shows all of those sick innocent children in the hospital that need help, and answers. Childhood cancer is something that can either give a child a second life as a result, or take their life away at such a young age. Most people do not know a lot about cancer, or the ways that they can help cancer victimsRead MoreInformative Speech On Childhood Cancer1265 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood Cancer Introduction I. Open with Impact: About 15,270 children ages 19 or under will be diagnosed with cancer this year. (National Cancer Institute, 2017) A. With that said, have any of you know someone diagnosed with cancer? II. Thesis: Today I have the opportunity to inform you all about the number one childhood cancer, Leukemia, and also the new technologies we are using to help combat this disease. III. 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